There are several methods being practiced today that have in common an attempt to apply these observations to foreign language instruction. One such method is Krashen and Terrell’s Natural Approach. Emphasis is placed on student’s developing basic communication skills and vocabulary through their receiving meaningful exposure to the target language. The students listen to the teacher using target language communicatively from the beginning of instruction. They do not speak at first. The teacher helps her students to understand her by using pictures and occasional words in the students native language and by being as expressive as possible.
Another method that fits within the Comprehension Approach is Winitz and Reed’s self instructional program and Winitz ‘ The Learnables. In this method , students listen to tape- recorded words , phrases , and sentence while they look at accompanying pictures. The meaning of the utterance is clear from the context the picture provides. The students are asked to respond in some way , such as pointing to each pictures as it is described , to show that they understand the language to which they are listening , but they do not speak. Stories illustrated by pictures are also used as a device to convey abstract meaning.
A new method , called the Lexical Approach , also fits within the comprehension Approach. Developed by Michael Lewis the Lexical Approach is less concerned with student production and more concerned that students receive abundant comprehensible input.
A fourth method , James Asher’s Total Physical Response (TPR) , is the one we will examine in detail here in order to see how the principles of the Comprehension Approach are put into practice. On the basis of his research , Asher reasoned that the fastest , least stressful way to achieve understanding of any target language is to follow directions uttered by the instructor (without native language translation).
About the teacher and students , in this case the teacher enters the room and take a seat in the back of the room. Teacher takes attendance and introduces the method will use to study English. When teachers explain about the material , then teacher will you a command to do something in English and students do the actions.
About the goals of teachers who use TPR , teachers believe in the importance of having their students enjoy their experience in learning to communicate in a foreign language. In fact , TPR was developed in order to reduce the stress people feel when studying foreign languages and there by encourage students to persist in their study beyond a beginning level of proficiency.
The way to do this , Asher believes , is to base foreign language learning upon the way children learn their native language.
About the role of the teacher and what is the role of the students are initially , the teacher is the director of all the student behaviour. The students are imitators of her nonverbal model. At some point ( usually after ten to twenty hours of instruction) , some students will be ‘ready to speak.’ At that point there will be a role reversal with individual students directing the teacher and the others students.
Shortly , this method is good and interesting to discuss , because this method have different way to teach and there are intensive relation between teacher and students . why ? because in case , teacher and students is a partner and each help both of them.
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