Rabu, 09 Juni 2010

HOW TO TEACH READING AND WRITING

As we know reading and writing is part of English , both of them have related. When we talk about reading also we talk about writing. Reading is good part , very happy if we can reading very well. Means , we know about the meaning the writing we read . we understand.

Unfortunately not every people can do this. Still a lot of them can’t reading because can’t writing. Example : reading and writing education is well to introduce to people since children . when they brain still can accept the science.

It so sad , if children cant read and write. How did come , how , and how . from this let us invite people to learn reading and writing especially children .

No one can stress enough the importance of exposing children to reading and to books. In some cases it is unfortunate that we live in a “techno” world, a world in which even very young children know how to work the VCR, play video games and manipulate a mouse.
Now, these are not necessarily bad things.

Each one has it's positive points however, I think all parents would agree that they would rather see their children open up a book or ask to be read to over seeing them turn on the television set. The first and foremost step to creating a young reader is to ensure that children have access to all kinds of reading material. Books, magazines, newspapers, anything that exposes them to the written word, to the concept of story telling and to using their own imagination.


WRITING
KIDS NEED TO TUNE UP


"Well, I can't take on all of our hurried society at once, but in the handwriting realm, at least, I'm going to have my say. Because most research and the specialists I've talked to agree that children are generally ready to be introduced to writing -- and have the necessary motor and visual skills -- sometime during kindergarten. In fact, not even every kindergartner is prepared to write, say the experts, all of whom advocate waiting until a student is ready and receptive. "It's easier to learn something when everything is in place," says Newman, who is a perceptual motor therapist, runs movement classes for children and thinks kids need to exercise and move to develop good pre-writing skills. Yet many preschools persist in teaching children to write, and even evaluating that writing, before the students have the skills they need. [...Remember the progression when we were in elementary school? Printing in kindergarten and/or first grade. Cursive in third. Penmanship grades. Most assignments in elementary school were handwritten. Typing didn't come until sometime in middle or high school. Compare that with today's curriculum. Handwriting in preschool, probably in reaction to the tougher kindergarten curriculum. Then, in second grade, sometimes before they have the basics of handwriting down, children are often introduced to typing. Cursive still comes around third grade, but nowadays it's often a rushed program, with some people arguing that one script should suffice, especially since most kids are going to wind up on computers. And forget penmanship; kids are lucky if they are taught to sit properly and form their letters efficiently. In fact, according to the experts, not only do most teachers have no training in handwriting instruction, they don't have the time to teach it thoroughly."] - http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A48366-2002Aug6.html

Write in the Middle a workshop for middle school teachers who teach writing, complete with audio files and Best Practices in Teaching Writing. Writing tips :


I was once taught that the first sentence of every paragraph should contain the main idea of the paragraph. Then the following sentences should give info about that topic and the last sentence should be the summary of the main idea.
Write about issues you really, really care about like things that frustrate or make you mad. Try to use the simplest-possible language, write like you talk and use personal experience to the maximum. Listen to yourself read it aloud for how it sounds - is it your voice? Is this what you mean to say? Reread and rewrite until it just "sounds right," which seems to have something to do with rhythm and other stuff. Start reading two or three paragraphs before to get a "running start to that will help you shape the next sentence.


Find a way to hook a big idea to something real and immediate and write about whatever is personal to you about that subject. Your life experience - the more the better. My favorite book is Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance. (If you haven't read the book and he seems to be talking about himself as someone else, that "someone else" is him before he had some sort of mental breakdown.) There's a really good description by Pirsig the main character about how he helped a student get around writer's block.The discussion of "quality writing" starts around page 190 depending on which book you have.

HOW TO TEACH SPEAKING AND LISTENING

As we know speaking and listening is part of English is have related. Both of them cant separate each other. Both of them have different function but can mix each other. If we talk about speaking , very big related with listening . when we speak , we must be look and read the pronunciation before. After that we must hear by listening.

Actually , the skills of speaking and listening someone different each other , everything must be practice , practice , and practice. Because practice makes perfect.


Teaching speaking and listening skills


Age

The tips below are for your classes with 5-7 year olds although you can use similar principles when teaching older primary age (8-12).


Listening - Instructions
Remember you are their model so always think about how you are going to introduce an activity before you go to class. Writing out instructions as part of your lesson plan will really help you to notice what language you are using with your young learners. You may find that your language is too complex for the beginner pupils.
Imagine yourself as a beginner learning a new language and see if what you say is too difficult to follow. You may need to modify what you say. Instructions, if well thought out and accompanied always with demonstration, can be communicated purely in English.


Listening - Class management
Don’t panic if you don’t speak the children’s first language. This won’t prevent a bond forming between you and the children. If they know you as the person who only speaks English then they will always want to communicate with you as much as possible in English.
Discipline can be easily understood by young children through your facial expressions and smiley/cross faces drawn on the board.
Feedback can also be understood clearly when you use your face to help express whether or not you are pleased with the work they produce.


Listening - Using a song
Prepare the learners before they listen to anything.
Show them pictures of characters from the song.
If it’s a song about teddy bears then bring in some teddy bears to show them. If the teddy bears sing sections of the song then use them as puppets and make them actually sing the song.
Use actions as much as possible to accompany songs so that the children can participate. This will help build their confidence, increase their enjoyment and give them extra clues as to the meaning of the words they are listening to.
They should predict, ‘imagine’, what they are going to hear. Again, sticking with the teddy bears, ask them if they think the teddy bear is happy or sad.
When they are listening they should always have something to do. They need a reason for listening. You could allocate part of the song to a small cluster of children so they have to listen out for their part and sing along to that part only.
Use the same song again and again. Listening is a difficult skill so building their confidence is vital at all stages of language learning. If they recognize the words they will be much more motivated. This is valid not only from a language point of view but also from a logical point of view. Listening to a song you know and like is always an enjoyable experience. Familiarity helps children feel secure.


Speaking - Songs and chants
Using songs and chants in class gives the children a chance to listen and reproduce the language they hear. They are working on the sounds, rhythm and intonation.
Remember when you speak or sing keep it simple but very importantly, natural so that when they copy what you say they can have a chance of sounding natural.


Speaking - Whole class chorus drills
If you have a large class make sure the language they produce is not just confined to stilted whole class repetitions of sentences produced by you. If the class tries to speak at the same time they automatically slow down and the intonation and rhythm are lost. Whole class repetition does of course have its advantages as it allows weaker students to build confidence with speaking without being in the limelight. Do chorus drills as described above but limit them and always move on to letting individuals speak.


Speaking - Real language
As with listening, make sure they always have a valid reason for speaking. The more realistic the need for communication, the more effective an activity will be. In other words get them to ask their neighbour ‘Do you prefer chocolate or strawberry ice-cream?’ rather than saying; ‘What’s my favourite food?' This last question is just asking the children to guess rather than think. Avoid getting them to repeat sentences such as; ‘What is my name?’ or ‘Is this a book?’ Not only do you know it’s a book, so the interaction isn’t very interesting, unless the book is hidden in a bag and they are having to work out the contents, but also the response is limited to a ‘yes’ or ‘no’ answer. Closed questions are ok to lead onto something more with low level learners but be aware of not using them too often.


Speaking - Further suggestions
Vary the types of speaking and listening activities you do. Keep them interested by introducing new approaches to speaking in class. This could mean talking to different people, talking to different numbers of people, speaking as a whole class, half a class or in small groups.
For different levels in the same class you can ask them to listen for different things. Ask the weaker ones to tell you how many teddy bears there are in the song and the stronger ones to tell you what the teddy bears are doing in the song.
To make one activity suit all levels ask them to practice saying between five and ten sentences. This way the quick finishers have more to do and the weaker pupils still feel they have achieved the task if they have practised only a few sentences.

Rabu, 02 Juni 2010

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION


- Background of the study


This novel “ UP AT THE VILLA” tells about the love journey of Mary Panton . she is a lawyer . she leave by her husband . during lives with her husband she stay in Italia as wife. And now when her husband was die , she is come back to England . after this moment , she finds the new life , the new love , new spirit . she find it with her old friend Edgar Swift , he is old man , he is a diplomat in K.C.S.I. , Indian Civil Service. Factually , Edgar very love mary when mary was child with bobbed hair . Since mary’s husband die , Edgar always help and support mary to fight and give the solutions for mary . he always together and laugh with mary . although edgar older nineteen years than mary , but edgar feel calm down and he not shy . and he want to be marrying with mary , but mary refuse it because edgar same age with her fother , but mary doesn’t ever hate him.

Unfortunately , edgar very kind , well , mature . but edgar understand about it . time by time , day by day , month by month , mary find loves again , she meets Rowley Flint a rough –hewn and cocky , American who is intrigued by her , but actually mary like him .
They are make a relationship but their personalities clash , and they end the evening in the evening.

Next day , mary find loves again with Karl , but once more mary refuse it with fling . she more better leave karl , because karl insist her love. Because of that , karl dissapoinment , his love not accept , he kills himself with melodramatically.

Finally , mary desperate and she calls upon Rowley to help her hide the body : he agrees , and soon they are both being questioned by local fascist leader Leopardi about Karl’s disappearance. Because this moment mary and Rowley more close and they are happy together.
CHAPTER II

ANALYSIS I


Character is a vital and necessary one. Without character there would be no plot and , hence , no story. For most readers of fiction the primary attraction lies in the characters, in the endlessly fascinating collection of men and women whose experience and adventures in life form the basis of the plots of the novels and stories in which they appear.


Part of the fascination with the characters of fiction is that we come to know them so well , perhaps at times to well. In real life we come to know people for the most part only on the basis of externals on the basis of what they say and what they do the essential complexity of their inner lives can only be inferred , if at all , after years of close acquaintance. Fiction , on the other hand , often provides us with direct and immediate access to that inner life to the intellectual , emotional , and moral complexities of human personality that lie beneath and surface.


The character of mary panton is good , pretty , good smile , frighten , but selfish and need the love.












ANALYSIS II


Psychology is come from word “ psyche” it means soul and logos is science or the scientific study of the behaviour of human beings or the scientific study of the human psyche.

Psychology approach is way to analyze one or some character in novel with theory as a size. Absolutely psychology approach is real not refuse . because analyze without psychology approach it is just reading comprehension or practical reading. This reading method is common to do in class. Reader can be understand about the story but is not more just reading on beginning not furthermore.

Reader understand about the cast , setting , and also everything problems is caster get or story. But just explanation text of novel . reader can make synopsis , but when the synopsis read by other , that novel not more just summary of story based on text. It can be show the external of outside text.

Analysis doing , is a next step to read critically , not more doing unstep or irrasional. Although fiction text but is the analysis basic standing. Fiction still is picture of huge experience of human inside is happen psychology , sociologys , and other situation. Is a analysis duty to showing experience of reader to different way of analysis is rational with see to approach. Its true what Wellek said when tells this case , case of literature study :

“He must translate his experience of literature into intellectual terms , assimilate , it to a coherence scheme which must be rational if it is to be a knowledge. It may be true that the subject matter of his study is irrational or at least contains strongly unrational elements , but he will be not therefore in any other position than the historian of painting or the musicologist or , for that matter , the sociologist or the anatomist. (1949:3) . “

Psychology approach consist of two Extrinsic and intrinsic , extrinsic is the outside factor is causes character become like that and the intrinsic is the inside factor , may be the causes is the psyhcis. But this situation suitable with social theory.


SYNOPSIS UP AT THE VILLA


A woman left alone by the death of her husband finds her love life has become suddenly and dangerously complicated . Mary panton is a british woman living in italy in 1938 who has been financially ruined by the death of her husband. Edgar swift an aging di[plomat asks mary for her hand in marriage , and while she doesn’t love him , she longs for the security of a husband and asks for a few days to consider the proposal. The next evening mary is invited to a party by an American socialiate known as the princess. There , mary meets Rowley Flint , a rough – hewn and cocky American who is intrigued by her. Mary also feels drawn to Rowley, but their personalities clash , and they end the evening in an argument. Mary impulsively spends the night with karl , a young musician who played at the party . in the cold light of day , mary decides that her fling with karl is the best left as a one-night stand , but karl insist that he’s fallen in love with her , and he melodramatically kills himself. Mary desperate , calls upon Rowley to help her hide the body ; he agrees , and soon they are both being questioned by local fascist leader leopardi
About karl disappearance.








ANALYSIS III


The relationship between analysis I and II are suitable. If in one of character we must know about the character and using the correct theory . in analysis I we can know about the definition of character , and analysis II we can know about the psychology approach and synopsis of up at the villa. We can combined both of them become whole unity. We can see the dialog .

“Now you’ve got nothing to worry about , my dear “, he said , “ except to get back your health and strength. I don’t say anything about your looks because nothing affects them. You’re a young woman and a very preety one , and I have no doubt you’ll marry again . but don’t marry for love next time ; it’s a mistake ; marry for position and championship.”

This dialog explains about edgar to visit mary and he really care and loves to mary , he said mary is young woman and preety one. Edgar so happy with mary , looklike he don’t want to hold out mary , his love since child.


“she laughed. She had a bitter experience and had no intention then of ever hazarding again again the risks of wedlock ; it was odd that now she was contemplating doing exactly what the shrewd old lawyer had advised. It looked indeed as though she would have to make up her mind that very afternoon. “

This statement tells if mary very happy when edgar swift keep laughing with her , when marry husband death. Mary feels a new hope , new influence , new spirit besides edgar. Edgar can be motivated her to strong and tuff.



When she was nineteen her mother had said to her , “I wouldn’t see too much if I were you darling . I don’t know if you’ve noticed it , but he’s in love with you. “
Mary laughed “he’s an old man.”
“He’s forty – three “ , her mother answered tartly.

This dialog remind if mary is an apple to edgar , he always loves mary in his whole life.

“Oh , Edgar , what nonsense you talk . “

“ Never “, cried Mary , not quite truthfully .”

“Perhaps Mattie and I were too young to marry .”

“ And how many women have you said that to ?”

“ I suppose it doesn’t . but we’ll leave it at that shall we ?”

“ people have been telling me I was beautiful since I was sixteen and it’s ceased to excite me very much. It’s an asset and I should be a fool not to know its value . it has it’s disadavantage as well.”

This dialog showing if mary is selfish whereas she’s really need love , but she keep to be strong and don’t want other find it.






CHAPTER III


CONCLUSION


Up at the villa is amazing novel , this novel tells about the story , the love , pure love like a love edgar to mary . this story give us the meaning of love and the struggle of life . how to fight your spirit when you down , how you can know when you smile , when you laugh , when you sad . as human being we must be face and through our life with normal.

About the character of this novel , each character has own characteristic and unique. But here we just talk about mary as a main character . although many people said she preety but she don’t want become it as everything is make her arrogant.

Mary want to become herself , find the new life , find the new love , find the new what is the meaning of the truly life. Sometimes experience makes our life change , and full colour . it’s a mary experience when her husband death , whereas she is young and need more affection from man .

Mary always fight with herself , she don’t want fall in sadness and more miserable , she want to happy , find love , and living together with new husband . actually mary is a nice person although sometimes she’s selfish , because her husband . she used to be had bad experience and she don’t want it happen again and become true in her life.

LOVE

Love is a miracle feelings of human heart. It is a present from God. Many people have it , because this pure from heart. Love is something can’t lie. It has a universal meaning.

Universal meaning like love to god , love to parents , love to family , love to friends , love to special friend , love to school , love the truth. Why is love the truth because nowadays truth can be limited. May be a lot of people say lie and hide the truth. It will be a problem , where between people and other people , just thinking themselves without care to truly love and the poor people.

The poor people are a people who need a lot of love. They are very innocent but don’t know how to tell their desire , their to be suffer with fact of life. As rich people , we must give them a lot of affection , it’s a important because human is human only god can judge a human.

It means we must to thanks to the god , especially to a human is have a perfect phisyc of body and luck of life.

PEREMPUAN MUDAH DI RAYU TAPI SULIT DI MENGERTI

Seperti yang kita tahu Tuhan YME menciptakan manusia dengan dua jenis yaitu laki-laki dan perempuan. Sebagai seorang muslimah , saya tahu bahwa ALLAH SWT mencipta-
Kan laki laki dengan kodratnya sebagai pemimpin , yang kuat , tangguh , dan imam bagi setiap makmumnya. Sedangkan perempuan tercipta dari tulang sum sum laki-laki dan kodratnya sebagai mahluk yang lemah lembut, lebih indah di banding perhiasan dunia , rapuh di banding laki-laki. Dalam islam perempuan tidak boleh menjadi seorang pemim pin , karena itu tanda kehancuran dunia , laki-laki bodoh yang membiarkan perempuan menjadi seorang pemimpin. Perempuan dengan kodratnya di mana ketika kecil ia menjadi seorang anak , kemudian istri , kemudian menjadi seorang ibu.

Secara ilmiah ataupun biologis fisik perempuan itu lebih lembut dan rapuh di banding laki-laki , otaknya lebih kecil , ini yang terkadang membuat mengapa perempuan lebih berpikiran pendek di banding laki-laki , kulitnya lebih mulus , suaranya lebih lembut , perempuan lebih banyak bicara di banding laki-laki . mengapa , karena di dalam otak perempuan lebih banyak tersimpan kata-kata yang ingin perempuan sampaikan ketika ia merespon suatu hal . perempuan ketika PMS emosinya tak stabil , kadang marah , riang , gembira , sedih , murung dsb. Hal ini di pengaruhi oleh hormon estrogen dan progesteron.

Secara pendengaran perempuan memang sensitif , maka dari itu mengapa perempuan lebih banyak terayu oleh rayuan gombal pulau kelapa sang laki-laki . karena perempuan terlalu banyak memakai perasaan yang terkadang tak masuk logika yang entah mengapa laki-laki pun tak akan mengerti apa yang sebenarnya perempuan mau.


Perempuan akan sulit di mengerti laki-laki ketika sang perempuan merasa benar benar percaya dengan laki-laki . tapi sang lelaki mengabaikannya begitu saja , menghiraukan , menepikannya. Perempuan akan membalasnya dengan perasaan yang abstrak tak menentu.

Ketika marah perempuan akan diam seribu bahasa dan menyimpannya dalam hati . ia selalu mempermainkan perasaannya. Ia bukannya tak menggunakan logika , tapi persentase perasaannya lebih banyak di banding logika. Sesuai dengan kodratnya . sesuai dengan semestinya . Sebenarnya perempuan adalah mahluk yang kuat dan tangguh jika ia di beri kepercayaan dan tidak di remehkan.

PERASAANKU

Dahulu aku merasa sangat bahagia
Dahulu aku merasa seperti terbang
Melayang , bebas , lepas ,
Di atas bumi …
Dahulu aku merasa tidak ada kekosongan
Dalam hidupku …
Dahulu aku merasa lebih bercahaya..


Cahaya sinar yang senantiasa menyoroti
Hatiku yang berbunga…
Ia mendekapku dengan dekapan
Sehangat mentari..
Tak pernah berlalu hingga
Akhir zaman nanti..


Aku berkata dalam hati..
Oh Tuhan YME betapa bodohnya aku ,
Betapa bodohnya…
Betapa bodoh dan tololnya perempuan ini
Perempuan..
Yang terkadang penuh luka…
Sengaja menyembunyikan perasaan dalam sukma
Sengaja menutupi apa yang terjadi
Dari keramaian duniawi…


Dalam doaku ..
Aku berharap , semoga hidupku
Ini , kelak beralih menjadi..
Kepingan kepingan emosi jiwa
Kebahagiaan dalam kalbu…


Aku berharap bisa seperti
Kupu kupu dan kunang kunang
Yang selalu terbang bebas
Di udara dan selalu
Bersinar…
Tanpa harus memikirkan
Hiruk piruk dunia
Fana ini…

ALCOHOL AND DRUGS ADDICTION

Nowadays many people get trap to bad environment. They begin to know about alcohol and drugs addiction. It causes by liitle knowledge about impact of drugs , and of course may be not enough affection from parents , and less of knowledge religion. Unfortunately , this is not awared by many people in the world , especially parents and teenagers.


Actually , this problem familiar but many people forget it. Whereas is a key of avoid our child into bad environment as a parents we must know about society of teenagers. If we look there’s something wrong to our child. Immediately we must ask to child. What happen to you ? and we can find the way to dissolve this problem.


Just to know , if you want to try alcohol and drugs addiction only once , I think it can destroy your future and you become a regrated people , and very dangerous to your healthy.

HEALTH IS WEALTH

Nowadays many people squander health for wealth. They always work , work , and work without care to health. Whereas health is very important to us and very presticious. If we health automaticalls , we can do anything like we want and can get anything because health is wealth.


In fact , man or woman competes to get good position in work. They are become rival each other. They think if they get good position , can powerful in office and can touch the world. But , however health is very important than anything.


In fact , if we sick , we can wast the time and money only to hospital , it’s so expensive. I think the truly wealth is health , because money and other presticious things are not capable of changing the health.


The proof is like celebrity , they also work in the morning till morning they just think only popularity and get much money whereas like we see , nowadays celebrity is always have a relationship with bad environment , like smoking , alcohol , drugs , free sex , etc. if they make relationship like this , they can get a disease like stroke , heart attack , liver , tuberculosis. Oh it so hurts and is suck. With this automaticalls , our wealth (thing and money) can finish just to cure disease. So , keep your health to wealth , because health is truly wealth.

HOW TO MAKE A COFFEE

Before you make a coffee you must prepare the ingredients and equipments. Ingredients are coffee powder , sugar , hot water , and creamer if you would like to. The tools are cup and spoon. Ok , now if you want to make a cup of coffee , this is the process.


First , put two spoons of coffee , put two spoons of sugar or as you like , put the creamer if you want , put the hot water then mix thoroughly. Second , wait until warm or chill. Third , drink your coffee slowly and enjoy the taste. Fourth , if you want to have some more addition , you can eat the cracker with a cup of coffee , or put the cappuccino into your cup then enjoy your coffee.


But honestly , coffee is a good drink and has advantage and disadvantage. To advantage is it can make your body enjoy and forget your problem a little. The disadvantage is if you want to drink coffee a lot you would be difficult to sleep. Because coffee has caffeine that can destroy your body and mind.

UNFORGETTABLE MOMENTS OF MY LIFE

When I was in elementary school , I had a bad thing for my life. In the moment , I got an accident on my bus , there was a fire. Whereas , my family and I were still on the bus. We were unconscious , when it happened. Because we were sleeping tightly. But finally , we were could out on the bus , when a someone screamed , fire , fire , fire. Oh this a bad thing was I’ve ever had. But , when I was go to Bandung , in 1997 , I got a funny thing. Because , in the moment I was stayed in Horison Hotel for one weeks.


There , I’d a lot funny things. First , may be because I was still a child , I’m naughty , so my sister and I were playing lift to see around the hotel. Second , I was unconscious when I touched the mirror (my had) , oh its so hurt. I think this is the unforgettable moments of my life , although just two things , but I can’t never forget it.

THE VIEW OF MOUNTAINS AND BEACHES

Mountains and beaches are some of the nice places in the world. They have their own characteristics.

May be if the mountains consist of many trees , grasses , and chill atmosphere. In order that , beaches have no atmosphere but our feelings can be fresh when we look the blue of water.

If we look the view of mountains of course , over all is green and chill but if we look to the view of beaches , automaticalls , we can feel fresh , when we enjoy the chill of water , playing with sand , or etc.

But actually , I like visit to beach better than mountains. Why , because atmosphere in beach can make me feel happy eventhough atmosphere of mountains is fresher and chiller.